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NTFS Forensics: NTFS Fix-Ups

In digital forensics, it is standard practice to use MD5 (or similar cryptographic hash functions) …

Deleted File Recovery in Ext4

The ext4 filesystem—the default choice for most modern Linux distributions—is a robust evolution …

Ext4 Forensics: Journaling

Modern filesystems commonly employ journaling to safeguard data integrity. A journal acts as a wr…

Ext4 Forensics: Extents

Earlier vers ions of the extended file systems  used a traditional Unix-style mapping where each …

Ext4 Forensics: Inode Table

An inode (index node) is a fixed-size data structure that holds metadata about a file, directory, s…

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